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| Title: | Accident involving aircraft SE-DMX, 9 March 1997, Kiruna airport, BD county, Sweden |
| Micro summary: | This MD-81 went off the side of a very slippery runway on landing. |
| Event Time: | 1997-03-09 at 1806 UTC |
| File Name: | 1997-03-09-SE.pdf |
| Publishing Agency: | Swedish Accident Investigation Board (AIB) |
| Publishing Country: | Sweden |
| Report number: | C 1998:03e |
| Pages: | 26 |
| Site of event: | Kiruna Airport |
| Latitude/Longitude: | 6749N 2020E |
| Departure: | Stockholm-Arlanda Airport, Marsta, Sweden |
| Destination: | Kiruna Airport, Kiruna, Sweden |
| Airplane Type(s): | McDonnell Douglas DC-9-81 (MD-81) |
| Flight Phase: | Landing |
| Registration(s): | SE-DMA |
| Operator(s): | SAS |
| Type of flight: | Revenue |
| Occupants: | 156 |
| Fatalities: | 0 |
| Serious Injuries: | 1 |
| Minor/Non-Injured: | 155 |
| Other Injuries: | 0 |
| Executive Summary: | After a flight from Stockholm/Arlanda, the aircraft, route number SAS 1042, was about to land at Kiruna airport. The captain was the pilot flying and the first office was the non-flying-pilot. When the aircraft was approaching Kiruna the pilots were informed that runway 21 was in use and had braking coefficients 0.36, 0.32, 0.32 with 100% ice on the runway, which had been sanded. The co-pilot acquired visual contact with the runway at approximately 500 – 600 feet above the ground. There was turbulence and heavy snowfall during the approach. The captain crabbed the aircraft into the wind and shortly before touchdown on the runway he removed the crab towards the runway heading. The landing was performed with the automatic brake system set on medium brake effect and the Anti-Skid System activated. In connection with the reverse thrust after touchdown the captain believed that the aircraft swerved to the right. He then unreversed and steered the aircraft in the direction of runway heading. At the same time he requested maximum brake effect. The aircraft then began to drift towards the left edge of the runway, without him being able to prevent it from doing so. Approximately 1,500 meters down the runway the aircraft departed the left edge of the runway and continued parallel to the runway for approximately 400 meters until it came to a stop in half- meter deep snow. An emergency evacuation of the aircraft was performed and the crew estimated that the evacuation had taken 60-70 seconds. An elderly passenger received a shoulder injury and had to be carried from the aircraft on a stretcher. The investigation shows that deviations occurred, from the airport regulations and rescue service instructions, as well as from the airline’s operative instructions. The accident was caused by the following main factors: - Gusty winds, with speeds exceeding the average wind speed with more than 10 knots, were not reported; - Recommended crosswind speed limitation was exceeded; - The aircraft touched down more than nine meters to the left of the runway centerline; - The braking action coefficient was less than that which had been reported. |
| Learning Keywords: | Operations - Evacuation |
| Operations - Runway Excursion | |
| Operations - Slippery Runway, Taxiway, Apron | |
| Operations - Upset - Uncommanded or excessive Yaw |
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